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The Halloween
Book (Hardcover) - by Jane Bull
Review:
The Halloween
Book is a veritable gold mine of creepy crafts to make Halloween
the most spine-tingling night of the year. Unearthly decorations
("Silhouette Windows," "Flickering Faces," "Jeering Jars"), exquisitely
eerie dress-up ideas ("Fearsome Features," "Creepy Costumes,"),
and delectably ghastly goodies ("Buckets of Treats," "Beastly
Buffet," "Hanging Horrors," "Cauldron Cocktails," "Spooky Potions")
will provide days of creative fun leading up to the haunted holiday.
The perfect resource for a Halloween party, with DK's superb photos
and clever activities, games, and recipes, this volume is a steep
step above the standard craft book. So pour yourself a mug o'
vampire broth or hot chocolate bones, dig into some sausage fingers,
and get started on your screaming streamers and menacing masks.
(Ages 6 to 11) --Emilie Coulter
From School Library Journal
Grade 2-5-This is the "Martha Stewart" book of craft, costume,
food, and party ideas for the ultimate Halloween experience. It
shows how to carve a pumpkin, make hanging glass-jar lights, spooky
window cutouts, and decorated flashlights. There are descriptions
and photos of additions to fairy, pirate, witch, vampire, and
ghost costumes, with elaborate face painting and perfectly cut-out,
acrylic-painted, paper-plate masks. There are directions for a
paper-m ch pumpkin and a cr pe-paper-decorated sand bucket for
holding treats. Refreshments include sausage fingers, "bread roll
monsters," gorgeous-looking creepy cupcakes, and "cauldron cocktails."
Finally, there are instructions for a shadow theatre and other
traditional party games. The photographs are stunning, but all
of the projects look like they were made by adults or particularly
handy, older children. One hopes that youngsters will not be disappointed
when their creations don't look quite so perfect.
This is a fun book aimed at the younger set filled with a nice
sprinkling of Halloween costumes, recipes, crafts, and party ideas.
The ideas are by no means original, but as a mom and Halloween-freak
, I found this book to be a good inspiration to cooking up your
own ideas. (The monster sandwiches are priceless! )The photos
are lovely, the printed varnished pages crisp and bright -- I
can practically smell the pumpkin pie when I crack it open.

Easy Halloween Costumes for Kids
Review:
This is a beautiful book and so user-friendly! It was great to
avoid frantically running around from store to store, since this
book has such simple patterns and shortcuts where you don't even
have to sew, as well as last-minute panic solutions. The 100 different
costume choices (from well-known bunnies, pirates and witches
to the amusing gingerbread house, octopus, swamp monster) will
last the Halloween life of my kids (and probably their kids too!),
making this book quite the bargain. Making and creating the costumes
was a fun family project and encouraged everyone's imagination.
I like the idea that a portion of the proceeds of the book go
to UNICEF.
I have made the squeleton costume for my 5 years old and it was
a success.It was a great initiation to costume making for me.It
also is easy to understand and do by them selfs for older kids.
It is our favorite bedtime story.
Sam (age 5) and Kate (age 3) have been so excited about this book
"reading" every page over and over and taking it to bed with them!
Kate has memorized the names of each costume and has been able
to ask for and describe a combination of costumes that she has
imagined for herself!
This book is wonderful for inspiring creative imagination and
the costume tips and patterns ARE easy and versatile enough for
you to whip up an original costume with very simple inexpensive
ingredients or with whatever you have in the house even at the
very last minute!
I am very proud of Sam, who after much gleeful "study" of this
book with his sister, decided to make his own costume modifying
one of the ideas in this book - how satisfying for him to march
in his school costume parade wearing an original costume that
started from an idea from this book and made pretty much all by
himself (hey, no sewing, or even glue gun needed for that one!)
I'm sure we will get lots more year round dress-up inspiration
from this truly "Illegally Easy Halloween Costumes for Kids" book
to come... my mind is already brewing up some winter dress-up
Birthday Party ideas!
In Illegally Easy Halloween Costumes For Kids, Halloween costume
designer Leila Peltosaari showcases one hundred easy-to-make costumes
complete with matching treat bags and accessories. The simple,
step-by-step instructions are enhanced with detailed full-color
photos and illustrations. The color-coded, easy patterns for 3
to 12 year olds are well-organized and feature a wealth of "no-sew"
shortcuts and "last-minute" solutions. Highly recommended for
even the most novice costumer, Illegally Easy Halloween Costumes
For Kids is enhanced further with a history of Halloween, safety
tips, and anecdotal background stories. With designs ranging from
traditional and storybook characters to animals and clowns, to
celestial beings and cultural tributes, most of the costumes can
be assembled without a sewing machine and in only one evening.
Many of the costumes are made form Polarfleece (a perfect Halloween
fabric which is soft and lightweight, slightly stretchy, warm,
versatile, with no hemming or seam finished needed -- and hotglues
like a dream!). Although specifically targeted for the Halloween
holiday, these are delightful outfits that can well serve for
costume parties and school plays at any time of year!
Illegally Easy Halloween Costumes for Kids is the best I have
seen on this topic. The full color photographs of the costumes,
complete with makeup, are spectacular. The directions are thorough
and easy to follow. Any of these costumes would be a terrific
for Halloween and the ideas could also be used for making costumes
for plays or other productions. At the price of store bought costumes
or patterns, this book is a bargain, as it contains 100 costumes
and many additional ideas. You won't be disappointed!
Family Fun Tricks and Treats
Halloween is a time of transformation and not for just humans
who don the face paint and masks!
Reviews
There are a number of Halloween books out on the market for decorating,
baking and costume making, but this is one of the few that actually
has something new in it!
The crafts are clever, but actually
look doable wtih things you might already have on hand. The costumes
ideas are fun and innovative, the food ideas are also really cute,
but not overly-complicated. While some classic ideas never die,
this book puts a nice twist on things like "body parts" games.
Of course, the ideas come from the
monthly magazine that Disney produces, Family Fun, and if you
get the magazine, you'll have already seen alot of these things
in print or on their website. Still, the book is nicely layed-out,
easy to flip through and a good resource of party and costume
ideas for both kids and their grown-ups.
This book is an awesome resource for make-at-home costumes and
decorations. The ideas are so cute, easy to follow, and where
else can you find a recipe for slime?
This was great! My daughter & I love Halloween and when we
saw this we bought it right away. There are so many wonderful
ideas. A must have! There were a lot of spooky things to do with
foods and great little ideas for those little helpers to decorate
your home with lots of memories! You have to get this one!
Disney's Princess Collection: The Music of Hopes, Dreams
and Happy Endings
Review: My favorite princess cd
A Kid's Review
i love this cd! my dad got it for me for my birthday 3 years ago
and i still love it
Review: Perfect for a Princess
I bought this cd for my daughter's 3rd birthday. She LOVES it!
She asks me to play it every day and we both sing along to all
of the songs. She has even picked up on the songs that she didn't
know before she received it. I love it because now she is more
interested in listening to the cd and dancing with me in the house
than watching a video. In quiet times, she likes to sit on my
lap and look at the pictures in the liner notes. The recordings
are beautiful, it is the one children's cd that I can listen to
over and over. If you have a little girl who loves princesses,
this is definitely worth the money.
Review: Great CD!
I'm Also 18 and about to graduate HS and this is still one of
my favorite cds! I actually bought this cd about 3 years ago (a
different cover-same cd) and LOVED IT! I didn't give "Home"
a chance at first but one day I listened to it and it is probably
one of my all time favorite songs! I love broadway and I sing
and its a very challenging song to sing! Susan Egan has a gorgeous
voice! And none more gorgeous than Jodi Benson (Ariel!). My point
is this is a great cd, don't ignore it becuase you don't know
all the songs...you'll grow to love them as much as the favorites!
Review: So close, yet so far..
I REALLY wanted to love this CD. I was looking for a complete
Princess collection for the car. We already have (and love!) the
Disney Classics 5 CD collection, and I get very tired of switching
between all those CDs to find "princess songs" (it's
VERY hard to remember which song is on which color CD!!). The
trouble with this CD is that is just doesn't have enough songs.
My daughter includes in the category "Princess Songs"
the songs that aren't actually sung by the princess herself, but
are in the movie (like Bibbidi Bobbidi Boo, The Work Song; Under
the Sea, Kiss the Girl, Heigh-Ho, Be Our Guest, Belle, etc.) -
she loves them all! I was expecting a long CD with 20 to 25 songs
(like the Disney Classics), but this CD only has 12, which isn't
enough for my family. The included songs (with the exception of
"Home" from the B&B Broadway show) are the same
gorgeous versions you already love, but if you're looking for
complete group of Princess Songs on one CD, this probably isn't
the one for you.
Review: classic musical moments from
Disney
This beautiful album showcases the Disney princesses; Ariel, Belle,
Snow White, Jasmine, Aurora, Cinderella and Pocahontas, with songs
from the soundtracks of the classic Disney films in which they
appear. This disc is a must-own for all Disney fans.
There are selections from POCAHONTAS ("Colors of the Wind"
and "Just Around the Riverbend", sung by Judy Kuhn);
ALADDIN ("A Whole New World" sung by Brad Kane and Lea
Salonga); BEAUTY AND THE BEAST ("Something There" sung
by David Ogden Stiers, Jerry Orbach, Robby Benson, Angela Lansbury
and Paige O'Hara); SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS ("Some
Day My Prince Will Come" and "I'm Wishing/One Song"
(sung by Adriana Caselotti and Harry Stockwell); CINDERELLA ("So
This is Love" and "A Dream is a Wish Your Heart Makes"
sung by Ilene Woods and Mike Douglas); and SLEEPING BEAUTY ("Once
Upon a Dream" sung by Mary Costa and Bill Shirley).
Added for good measure is "Home",
taken from the Broadway score of BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, sung by
the original Broadway Belle, Susan Egan.
I love listening to this magical CD,
which is, as the cover-blurb promises, the music of 'hopes, dreams
and happy endings'.
Review: Princesses!
As one reviewer said, you're never to old to enjoy the Disney
classics! I'm 18, just graduated high school, and just went out
and purchased this CD a couple days ago. It's beautiful, gorgeous,
and brings back memories! I was singing along with it while in
the car and while doing housework--it's a great collection that
anyone can enjoy, especially those of us who are kids at heart.
The only thing I wish is that there were a couple more songs present,
which detracts 2 songs, but overall, it's gorgeous! Well worth
the money!
Review: A Princess at Heart
In all the years I've enjoyed the Walt Disney collection's I learned
age has no place in loving and enjoying all of his works! Snow
White and all the Princesses have become my favorite along with
my granddaughter who is a fitting 2 1/2 years old! As Walt Disney
intended, Disney is to bring out the child in all of us..which
so harshly the world wants to lock up and throw away the key!
I enjoyed Disney World since it's opening through the eyes of
my 4 children, and now I get to see it through the eyes of my
granddaughter and it still becomes fresh and brand new! I love
all of Disney but especially these beautiful and charming "Princesses"
that decorate our world! Sincerely, A "Child" at Heart
Review: "Love Songs"
I say love songs because my Granddaughter and I love these songs.
She is three and knows all the words. I kid you NOT! Although
the "HOME" song was not familiar to me, all the others
were. (Am I showing my age?) From what I understand, the "HOME"
is from Broadway. I wish that the producers of the new enhanced
Beauty and the Beast movie had thought to include it. I wish that
the main theme to Beauty had been on this CD, but maybe it will
be on the PRINCESS 2!
Review: My kids love it!
My girls love anything princess, so when my 5 year old received
this for her birthday, she was thrilled. She and her little sister
dress up in princess costumes to listen to this cd. I have also
enjoyed listening to it.
Review: the best
This cd is well worth the price it should be even more. people
say i am a bit strange for liking Diseny music, but unless they
liste to the music they wont know how wonderful it is. You should
definalty buy it

The Halloween Handbook : 447 Costumes (Paperback)
Book Description
It's dress-up for grown-ups, and the liveliest, most imaginative
collection of Halloween costume ideas--447 costume ideas to be
exact--from two hip, inveterate lovers of all things Halloween
. . . plus dozens of other ideas for enjoying the holiday.
Bridie Clark and Ashley Dodd are the
dynamic duo, in or out of capes. For every level of interest,
time--and irony--they offer suggestions. There's the ultra-quick:
Pin several pair of underwear to a shirt, and voilà, A
Chest of Drawers. With a bit more time, wrap yourself in aluminum
foil and don a beret--mmm, French Kiss. There are Angels and Devils,
all with variations (add roller skates to your Satan costume,
and go as Hell on Wheels). Come Hither costumes--Lady Godiva,
Chippendales Dancer, Stripper Emerging from a Cake. Celeb sightings,
from the Dalai Lama to Madonna (six Madonnas, actually, from all
of her phases). Costumes for couples--Sweethearts Caught on Lover's
Lane, Fred and Wilma Flintstone--and costumes for whole groups
of friends, including how to appear as the Sopranos or the hapless
castaways on Gilligan's Island. And for the children, check out
Nursery Rhymes, Fairy Tales, and Other Costumes for the Young
and Young at Heart.
Finally, for the friend who just can't
bear the thought of dressing up but still wants to join the fun,
suggest the Time Traveler from the Day Before Halloween.
About the Author
Bridie Clark lives in New York and works in publishing. Halloween
is far and away her favorite holiday--originally for the candy,
and now for the once-a-year opportunity to play dress-up. Ashley
Dodd lives in New York and works in public relations. Halloween
is far and away her favorite holiday--originally for the candy,
and now for the once-a-year opportunity to play dress-up.
Review: Showcases 447 do-it-yourself costume concepts
The collaborative effort of Halloween costume experts and enthusiasts
Bridie Clark and Ashley Dodd, The Halloween Handbook: Dress-Up
For Grown-Ups showcases 447 imaginative, easy-to-make, do-it-yourself
costume concepts. From traditional favorites such as Wonder Woman
or Peter Pan, to more eyebrow-raising unique costumes like the
One-Night Stand (the costumegoer appears as an actual stand with
lampshade over the head, bra and pantyhouse dangling on the tablecloth)
or the Green Card (wearing a large green sandwich board humorously
displaying a parody what a real green card looks like). Black-and-white
photographs illustrate fun, zany, sometimes edgy ideas with practical
suggestions to efficiently and frugally make a Halloween guise
to remember. Especially recommended not only for Halloween, but
as a source of ideas for costume parties year round or even school
and community theater apparel.

Clever Costume Creating for Halloween (Paperback)
Review" Prrrfect booook
for the costume inclined!
From girls to adults, everyone loves being someone (or someTHING!)
else for Halloween. Singleton's book provides a wealth of ideas
and resources, and the interior illustrations, photographs, and
black-and-orange two-color printing make for a very attractive
product.
Review: Fun! Fun! Fun!
This is such a fun book for Halloween! I have enjoyed looking
at the photographs and illustrations. I can't wait to try some
of the creative costumes out on my children. The book makes it
so easy to put together and understand! In this day of rush, rush,
rush, its so wonderful to have a book that makes life simple.
Thank you for such a great tool!
Review: Clever Costume Creating
for Halloween
I found this book to be very enlightning for ideas on creating
Halloween costumes. It is full of so many good tips, many requiring
a minimal amount of effort in putting together a costume. I would
recommend this book to many, both young and old and particularly
to parents who every year need to come up with a new and unique
costume for their children to dress for Halloween.
Review: Clever Costume Creating
for Halloween
Suzanne Singleton has certainly outdone herself on this release.
Clever Costume Creating for Halloween is jam-packed with unique
ideas for easy to make, NO SEW costumes. The illustrations help
you visualize the overall effect and the instructions are packed
with appropriate props and accessories.
Although I am an artist and consider myself to be pretty creative,
when it comes to Halloween costumes I go blank. The creative part
of me wants to do something original, unique. I definitely could
never bring myself to buy those mass produced, plastic-masked
versions available in the stores. When I flipped through Suzanne
Singleton's book, my mind began to race with all the possiblities.
I found myself thinking, "Why didn't I think of that? This
is sooooooo clever!" Now my only problem is choosing which
idea to try first!
Review: FUN & EASY NO
SEW COSTUME Ideas w/visuals!
This title had just been published a view days when I purchased
it. If you are like me and love Halloween but panic at the thought
of what to be? what to wear? This is for you! Singleton has written
a book with A to Z costume ideas that are fun and refreshing and
all NO SEW!
What you also receive with this book purchase are pages filled
with fun to view black and white visuals of the costume ideas.
The pages are bordered with corn candy and various halloween graphics
which only adds to the fun and festive halloween spirit.
Year after year, my husband and I
along with our children are invited to dress up Halloween costume
parties.These parties are usually fun and yet I am always feeling
pressure for myself and my family. What to do? Like many women
of today, I do not sew which only adds to my frustration. Well
now here is the perfect remedy, this title is not only packed
with fun and easy costume ideas but each page is sure to bring
a smile with each costume visual!
It is cute, fun, festive and fills
a need! Never again will you lose sight of the Halloween fun that
costume panic brings!
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All about Halloween from Wikipedia
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Halloween"
Halloween is an observance celebrated on the night of October
31, most notably by children dressing in costumes and going door-to-door
collecting sweets or money. It is celebrated in much of the Western
world, though most common in the United States, Puerto Rico, the
Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada.
Irish, Scots and other immigrants brought older versions of the
tradition to North America in the 19th century. Most other Western
countries have embraced Halloween as a part of American pop culture
in the late 20th century.
The term Halloween, and its older
spelling Hallowe'en, is shortened from All-hallow-even, as it
is the evening before "All Hallows Day". In Ireland,
the name was All Hallows Eve and this name is still used by some
older people. Halloween was also sometimes called All Saints'
Eve. The holiday was a day of religious festivities in various
northern European pagan traditions, until it was appropriated
by Christian missionaries and given a Christian interpretation.
In Mexico November 1st and 2nd are celebrated as the Day of the
Dead.
Halloween is also called Pooky Night
in some parts of Ireland, presumably named after the púca,
a mischievous spirit.
On Great Britain and Ireland in particular,
the pagan Celts celebrated the Day of the Dead on All Hallows
Day (1st November). The spirits supposedly rose from the dead
and, in order to attract them, food was left on the doors. To
scare off the evil spirits, the Celts wore masks. When the Romans
invaded Great Britain, they embellished the tradition with their
own, which is both a celebration of the harvest and of honoring
the dead. Very much later, these traditions were transported to
the United States, Canada and Australia.
Halloween is sometimes associated
with the occult. Many European cultural traditions hold that Halloween
is one of the liminal times of the year when the spiritual world
can make contact with the physical world and when magic is most
potent (e.g. Catalan mythology about witches).
Halloween in the UK
In some parts of the United Kingdom, Halloween was formerly known
as Mischief Night. People would take the doors off their hinges
on this night. The doors were also often thrown into ponds, or
taken a long way away.
In England it is said that elves rode
on the backs of the villagers' cats. The cats had fun but the
villagers did not and would lock their cats up so that the elves
could not catch them.
Children were told not to sit in the
circles of yellow and white flowers where fairies have danced
as they may be stolen by the fairies. It was also bad to sit under
the hawthorn tree since fairies loved to dance on these and if
they saw children their tempers would be prickled.
In England, the black cat was considered
to be good luck, whereas a white cat was considered to be bad
luck.
In England children make "pumpkin
men" from large pumpkins. They cut out designs into the pumpkin.
Then they place them on display in their windows to go along with
the scary theme of Halloween.
Halloween in North America
Anoka, Minnesota, USA, the self-proclaimed "Halloween Capital
of the World," celebrates with a large civic parade.
Salem, Massachusetts, USA, also has
laid claim to the title "Halloween Capital of the World,"
though Salem has tried to separate itself from its history in
the subject of witchcraft. Despite that, the city does see a great
deal of tourism surrounding the Salem witch trials, especially
around Halloween.
New York City, New York, USA, hosts
the United States' largest Halloween celebration, The Village
Halloween Parade. Started by a Greenwich Village mask maker in
1973, the parade now attracts over 2 million spectators/participants
as well as roughly 4 million television viewers each year. It
is the largest participatory parade in the country if not the
world, encouraging spectators to march in the parade as well.
It is also the largest annual parade held at night.
In North America people believed that
it was unlucky for a black cat to cross one's path, to come into
homes, or to travel on ships.
In the United States trick-or-treaters
are welcomed by placing lighted pumpkins known as jack-o'-lanterns
in their windows.
The North American tradition of trick-or-treat
comes from the original idea that you must be kind to dead ancestors
or they will play a trick on you.
The War of the Worlds, a radio adaptation
by Orson Welles based upon H. G. Wells' classic novel of the same
name, was performed by Mercury Theatre on the Air as a Halloween
special on October 30, 1938 and the live broadcast reportedly
frightened many listeners into believing that an actual Martian
invasion was in progress.
Halloween in Australia
Halloween is not celebrated as much as it is in the U.S., despite
this, most children still believe in "trick or treating".
And most houses are decorated with a Halloween themed style, by
carving pumpkins and placing a candle in the middle of the hollowed
pumpkin, and are usually placed in their windows or in their living
room. It is also a tradition in Australia for children to leave
the candy on people's door mats.
In Adelaide, South Australia, a large
festival takes place at the Norwood Oval (an oval close to the
city) and people celebrate in a huge parade. Stalls include activities
such as; Bobbing for Apples, Discos, carving Pumpkins, Rides,
Candy and many more Dark Attractions.
Symbols
Jack-o'-lanterns may be carved with funny faces.Halloween's theme
is spooky or scary things particularly involving death, magic,
or mythical monsters. Commonly-associated Halloween characters
include ghosts, ghouls, witches, bats, black cats, spiders, goblins,
zombies, skeletons and demons, as well as certain fictional figures
like Dracula and Frankenstein's monster. Homes are often decorated
with these symbols around Halloween.
Black and orange are the traditional
colors of Halloween. In modern Halloween images and products,
purple, green, and red are also prominent.
Elements of the autumn season, such
as pumpkins and scarecrows, are also reflected in symbols of Halloween.
The carved jack-o'-lantern, lit by
a candle inside, is one of Halloween's most prominent symbols.
In the British Isles, a turnip was and sometimes still is used,
but immigrants to America quickly adopted the pumpkin because
it was more readily available; additionally, it is much larger
and easier to carve. Many families that celebrate Halloween carve
a pumpkin into a frightening or comical face and place it on their
home's doorstep after dark. The practice was originally intended
to frighten away evil spirits or monsters.
Neopagans of North America honor their
ancestors on October 31. It was once believed that on this night
any souls who had not yet passed into the paradise of the summer
lands might return to wander the streets and visit their old homes
once more.
Trick-or-treating and guising
The main event of modern US-style Halloween is trick-or-treating,
in which children dress up in costume disguises and go door-to-door
in their neighborhood, ringing each doorbell and yelling "trick
or treat!" This is a watered-down version of the older tradition
of guising in Ireland and Scotland. The occupants of the house
(who might themselves dress in a scary costume) will then hand
out small candies, miniature chocolate bars or other treats. Some
American homes will use sound effects and fog machines to help
set a spooky mood. Other house decoration themes (that are less
scary) are used to entertain younger visitors. Children can often
accumulate many treats on Halloween night, filling up entire pillow
cases or shopping bags.
In Ireland, great bonfires were lit
throughout the breadth of the land. Young children in their guises
were gladly received by the neighbors with some "fruit, apples
and nuts" for the "Halloween Party", whilst older
male siblings played innocent pranks on bewildered victims.
In Scotland, children or guisers are
more likely to recite "The sky is blue, the grass is green,
may we have our Halloween" instead of "trick or treat!".
They visit neighbours in groups and must impress the members of
the houses they visit with a song, poem, trick, joke or dance
in order to earn their treats. Traditionally, nuts, oranges, apples
and dried fruit were offered, though sometimes children would
also earn a small amount of cash, usually a sixpence. Very small
children often take part, for whom the experience of performing
can be more terrifying than the ghosts outside.
Tricks play less of a role in modern
Halloween, though Halloween night is often marked by vandalism
such as soaping windows, egging houses or stringing toilet paper
through trees. Before indoor plumbing was so widespread, tipping
over or displacing outhouses was a popular form of intimidation.
Casting flour into the faces of feared neighbors was also done
once upon a time.
Typical Halloween costumes have traditionally
been monsters such as vampires, ghosts, witches, and devils. In
19th-century Scotland and Ireland the reason for wearing such
fearsome (and non-fearsome) costumes was the belief that since
the spirits that were abroad that night were essentially intent
on doing harm, the best way to avoid this was to fool the spirits
into believing that you were one of them. In recent years, it
has become common for costumes to be based on themes other than
traditional horror, such as dressing up as a character from a
TV show or movie, or choosing a recognizable face from the public
sphere, such as a politician (in 2004, for example, George W.
Bush and John F. Kerry were both popular costumes in America).
In 2001, after the September 11 attacks, for example, costumes
of Islamic terrorists, firefighters, police officers, and United
States military personnel became popular among children and adults.
In 2004, an estimated 2.15 million children in the United States
were expected to dress up as Spider-Man, the year's most popular
costume. [1]
"'Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF"
has become a common sight during Halloween in North America. Started
by UNICEF in 1950, the program involves the distribution of small
boxes by schools to trick-or-treaters, in which they can solicit
small change donations from the houses they visit. It is estimated
that children have collected more than $119 million for UNICEF
since its inception.
BIGresearch conducted a survey for
the National Retail Federation in the US and found that 53.3%
of consumers planned to buy a costume for Halloween 2005, spending
$38.11 on average (up 10 dollars from last year). An estimate
of $3.3 billion was made for the holiday spending.
A child usually "grows out of"
trick-or-treating by his or her teenage years. Trick-or-treating
by teenagers is accepted, but generally discouraged with genial
ribbing by those handing out candy. Teenagers and adults instead
often celebrate Halloween with costume parties, staying home to
give out candy, listening to Halloween music, or scaring people.
Visiting a Haunted house or a Dark
Attraction are other Halloween traditions. Notwithstanding the
name, such events are not necessarily held in houses, nor are
the edifices themselves necessarily regarded to possess actual
ghosts. A variant of this is the haunted trail, where the public
encounters supernatural-themed characters or presentations of
scenes from horror films while following a trail through a heavily
wooded area or field.
Games and other activities
There are several games traditionally associated with Halloween
parties. The most common is dooking or bobbing for apples, in
which apples float in a tub or a large basin of water; the participants
must use their teeth to remove an apple from the basin. A variant
involves kneeling on a chair, holding a fork between the teeth
and trying to drop the fork into an apple. Another common game
involves hanging up treacle or syrup-coated scones by strings;
these must be eaten without using hands while they remain attached
to the string, an activity which inevitably leads to a very sticky
face.
Some games traditionally played at
Halloween are forms of divination. In Puicíní (pronounced
"pooch-eeny"), a game played in Ireland, a blindfolded
person is seated in front of a table on which several saucers
are placed. The saucers are shuffled and the seated person then
chooses one by touch. The contents of the saucer determine the
person's life for the following year. A saucer containing earth
means someone known to the player will die during the next year,
a saucer containing water foretells travel, a coin means new wealth,
a bean means poverty, etc. In 19th-century Ireland, young women
placed slugs in saucers sprinkled with flour. The wriggling of
the slugs and the patterns subsequently left behind on the saucers
were believed to portray the faces of the women's future spouses.
In North America, unmarried women
were frequently told that if they sat in a darkened room and gazed
into a mirror on Halloween night, the face of their future husband
would appear in the mirror. However, if they were destined to
die before they married, a skull would appear. The custom was
widespread enough to be commemorated on greeting cards from the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
The telling of ghost stories and viewing
of horror films are common fixtures of Halloween parties. Television
specials with a Halloween theme, usually aimed at children, are
commonly aired on or before the holiday while new horror films
are often released theatrically before the holiday to take advantage
of the atmosphere.
Foods
Main article: Poisoned candy scare
Because the holiday comes in the wake of the annual apple harvest,
Candy Apples (also known as toffee, taffy or caramel apples) are
a common treat at Halloween. They are made by rolling whole apples
in a sticky sugar syrup, and sometimes then rolling them in nuts.
At one time candy apples were a common treat given to children,
but this practice rapidly waned after widespread rumors that some
individuals were embedding items like pins and razor blades in
the apples that they would pass out to children. While there is
evidence of such incidents occurring they are very rare and have
never resulted in any serious injuries. Nonetheless, many parents
were under the assumption that the practice was common. At the
peak of this hysteria, some hospitals were offering to x-ray children's
Halloween haul at no cost in order to look for such items. Almost
all of the very few Halloween candy poisoning incidents on record
involved parents who poisoned their own children's candy, while
there are occasional reports of children sticking needles in their
own candy (and that of other children) more in an effort to get
attention than cause any harm.
A Halloween custom which has survived
unchanged to this day in Ireland is the baking (or more often
nowadays the purchase) of a barmbrack (Irish "báirín
breac"). This is a light fruit cake into which a plain ring
is placed before baking. It is said that whoever finds this ring
will find his or her true love during the following year.
Other foods associated with the holiday:
candy corn
bonfire toffee (in the UK)
Toffee Apple (in Australia, instead of "Candy Apples")
hot apple cider
roasted pumpkin seeds
"fun-sized" or individually wrapped pieces of small
candy, typically in Halloween colors of orange, and brown/black.
Cultural history
Main article: History and folklore of Halloween
Christian festival
Pope Boniface IV established an anniversary dedicated to the Virgin
Mary and the martyrs when he consecrated the Pantheon on May 13,
609 (or 610). This Christian feast day was moved to November 1st
from May 13th by Pope Gregory III in the eighth century in order
to mark the dedication of the All Saints Chapel in Rome — establishing
November 1st as All Saints Day and October 31st as All Hallows'
Eve. Initially this change of date only applied to the diocese
of Rome, but was extended to the rest of Christendom a century
later by Pope Gregory IV in an effort to standardize liturgical
worship.
The feast day of All Souls Day, celebrated
to commemorate those souls condemned temporarily to Purgatory,
was inaugurated by St Odilo, at the time the abbott of the influential
monastery at Cluny, on November 2, 998.
Halloween's Origin: Celtic observation of Samhain
According to what can be reconstructed of the beliefs of the ancient
Celts, the new year began around November 1 or on a New Moon near
that date, a day referred to in modern Gaelic as Samhain ("Sow-in"
or alternatively "Sa-ven", meaning: End of the Summer).
Just as sundown meant the start of a new day, shorter days signified
the start of the new year; therefore the harvest festival began
every year on the night of preceding the autumn new year date.
After the adoption of the Roman calendar with its fixed months,
the date began to be celebrated independently of the Moon's phases.
As November 1 is the first day of
the new year, the day also meant the beginning of Winter, which
the Celts often associated with human death. The Celts also believed
that on October 31 (the night before the new year), the boundary
separating the dead from the living became blurred. (There is
a rich and unusual myth system at work here; the spirit world,
the residence of the "Sidhe," as well as of the dead,
was accessible through burial mounds. These mounds opened at two
times during the year, making the beginning and end of Summer
highly spiritually resonant.)
The Celts' survival during the cold
harsh winters, depended on the prophecies of their priests or
Druids. They believed that the presence of spirits would aid in
the priests' abilities to make future predictions.
The exact customs observed in each
Celtic region differ, but they generally involved the lighting
of bonfires and the reinforcement of boundaries, across which
malicious spirits might cross and threaten the community.
Like most observances around this
season, warmth and comfort were emphasized, indulgence was not.
Stores of preserved food were needed to last through the winter,
not for parties.
Norse Elven Blót
In the old Norse religion an event believed to occur around the
same time of the year as Halloween was the álfablót
(elven blót), which involved sacrifices to the elves and
the blessing of food. The elves were powers connected to the ancestors,
and it can be assumed that the blót related to a cult of
the ancestors. The álfablót is also celebrated in
the modern revival of Norse religion, Ásatrú.
Halloween customs
Observance of Halloween traditions faded in the South of England
from the 17th century onwards, being replaced by the commemoration
of the Gunpowder Plot on November 5. However, it remained popular
in Scotland, Ireland and the North of England. It is only in the
last decade that it again became popular in the south of England,
but as an entirely Americanized version.
The custom survives most accurately
on the island of Ireland, where the last Monday of October is
a public holiday. All schools close for the following week for
mid-term, commonly called the Halloween Break. As a result Ireland
and Northern Ireland are the only countries where children never
have school on Halloween and are therefore free to celebrate it
in the ancient and time-honored fashion.
The custom of trick-or-treating is
thought to have evolved from the European custom called souling,
similar to the wassailing customs associated with Yule. On November
2, All Souls' Day, beggars would walk from village to village
begging for "soul cakes" — square pieces of bread with
currants. Christians would promise to say prayers on behalf of
dead relatives helping the soul's passage to heaven. The distribution
of soul cakes was encouraged by the church as a way to replace
the ancient practice of leaving food and wine for roaming spirits
at the Samhain.
Further information: Puck
In Celtic parts of western Brittany, Samhain is still heralded
by the baking of kornigou. Kornigou are cakes baked in the shape
of antlers to commemorate the god of winter shedding his "cuckold"
horns as he returns to his kingdom in the Otherworld.
In the Isle of Man where Halloween
is known as Hop-tu-Naa children carry turnips instead of pumpkin,
and sing a song called Jinnie the Witch.
"Punkie Night"
"Punkie Night" is observed on the last Thursday in October
in the village of Hinton St. George in the county of Somerset
in England. On this night, children carry lanterns made from hollowed-out
mangel-wurzels (a kind of beet; in modern days, pumpkins are used)
with faces carved into them. They bring these around the village,
collecting money and singing the punkie song. Punkie is derived
from pumpkin or punk, meaning tinder.
Though the custom is only attested
over the last century, and the mangel-wurzel itself was introduced
into English agriculture in the late 18th century, "Punkie
Night" appears to be much older even than the fable that
now accounts for it. The story goes that the wives of Hinton St.
George went looking for their wayward husbands at the fair held
nearby at Chiselborough, the last Thursday in October, but first
hollowed out mangel wurzels in order to make lanterns to light
their way. The drunken husbands saw the eerie lights, thought
they were "goolies" (the restless spirits of children
who had died before they were baptized), and fled in terror. Children
carry the punkies now. The event has spread since about 1960 to
the neighboring village of Chiselborough.
Sources: on-line report from the Western
Gazette and a National Geographic radio segment. Chiselborough
Fair is memorialized by Fair Place in the village. The National
Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland (1868) reported that there
was "a fair for horses and cattle on the last Thursday in
October."
"Mischief Night"
The night before Halloween, known alternately as "Devil's
Night", "Mischief Night", "Mizzie Night",
"Gate Night", "Cabbage Night", "Mat Night",
or "Goosie Night" is often associated with pranks or
destructive activities performed by adolescents. Some of the acts
range from minor vandalism to theft (e.g. of door mats — thus
the name "Mat Night" in some areas), or even arson.
Many youths involved in Mischief Night would be considered too
old for traditional trick-or-treating. One of the most common
wrong-doings is "egging", the act of throwing eggs (sometimes
left out for several days to rot) at neighbors' houses, the eggs'
yolk causing damage to the paint. Another common Mischief Night
act is "T.P.ing", in which people's houses, lawns, and
trees are covered in toilet paper streamers.
In parts of northern England, "Mischievous
Night" occurs on the 4th of November, the night before Bonfire
Night(associated to Bonfire night because the last phases of the
plot were coming together). It is celebrated in the same way,
although minor vandalism often includes fireworks, which appear
in shops in the United Kingdom around this time for legitimate
reasons — to set off alongside bonfires on the following night.
Religious viewpoints
The majority of Christians ascribe no doctrinal significance to
Halloween, but the Celebration of Halloween by the support of
Catholic and other Christian sects exist because how it mocks
Pagan beliefs by presenting outrageous superstition and religious
concepts, and supports the more easily accepted Christian beliefs.
The mingling of Christian and Pagan
traditions in the development of Halloween, and its real or assumed
preoccupation with evil and the supernatural, have left many modern
Christians uncertain of how they should react towards the holiday.
Some fundamentalist and evangelical along with many Eastern Orthodox
Christians and Orthodox Jewish believers consider Halloween a
pagan or Satanic holiday, and refuse to allow their children to
participate. In some areas, complaints from fundamentalist Christians
that the schools were endorsing a pagan religion have led the
schools to stop distributing UNICEF boxes at Halloween. Another
response among conservative evangelicals in recent years has been
the use of Hell houses, which attempt make use of Halloween as
an opportunity for evangelism.
Other Christians, however, continue
to connect the holiday with All Saints Day. Some modern Christian
churches commonly offer a fall festival or harvest-themed alternative
to Halloween celebrations. Still other Christians hold the view
that the holiday is not Satanic in origin or practice and that
it holds no threat to the spiritual lives of children: being taught
about death and mortality actually being a valuable life lesson.
Likewise, to many Protestant churches,
October 31 is also the date of Reformation Day, a minor religious
festival. Some families, churches, and religious schools combine
the holidays.
Halloween Costumes
Halloween costumes are outfits worn on October 31st, the day of
Halloween. Halloween is a modern day holiday (spun off of the
Gaelic/Druidic/Pagan holiday of Samhain (in Christian times, the
eve of All Saints Day). Originally a day to remember the dead
by celebrating the darker and more gruesome side of human existence,
celebrants would dress as their deceased relatives. It has now
become a very commercialized celebration. Because of this, popular
costumes are often mass manufactured and sold in specialty stores.
What sets Halloween costumes apart
from costumes for other celebrations or days of dressing up is
that they are often designed to be gruesome or scary. Popular
monsters of legend or fiction are regular themes for Halloween
costumes, as are pop culture figures like presidents, film or
television characters.
Some of the most common and popular
Halloween costumes are:
Ghost
Vampire
Frankenstein's Monster
Witch
Skeleton
Mummy
Fairy
Giant baby
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